标题： 网络种群中突变病原体的演化 显示英文标题

标题： Evolution of mutating pathogens in networked populations

摘要： 在人口网络上流行病的传播已经是一个研究了几十年的重要课题，尤其是在新冠疫情爆发期间。 大多数流行病在向人群中传播时可能会产生多种突变。 在本文中，我们研究了一种在流行病传播过程中可以持续突变的病原体。 我们考虑了突变参数为死亡平均时间的病原体，并研究了该参数在传播过程中的演变。 我们使用分析方法计算流行病的动力方程以及其传播的条件。 我们还使用数值模拟来研究这种情况下病原体的传播，并理解突变现象。 我们表明，自然选择导致较温和的病原体在人群中占主导地位。 我们讨论了各种网络结构，并展示了不同效应在每种情况下的表现。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Epidemic spreading over populations networks has been an important subject of research for several decades, and especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. Most epidemic outbreaks are likely to create multiple mutations during their spreading over the population. In this paper, we study the evolution of a pathogen which can mutate continuously during the epidemic spreading. We consider pathogens whose mutating parameter is the mortality mean-time, and study the evolution of this parameter over the spreading process. We use analytical methods to compute the dynamic equation of the epidemic and the conditions for it to spread. We also use numerical simulations to study the pathogen flow in this case, and to understand the mutation phenomena. We show that the natural selection leads to less violent pathogens becoming predominant in the population. We discuss a wide range of network structures and show how different effects are manifested in each case.