标题： 无性大种群中的进化速度 显示英文标题

标题： The speed of evolution in large asexual populations

摘要： 我们考虑一个大小恒定的无性生物种群$N$，在选择和突变的影响下以离散时间演化。有益突变以速率$U$出现，其选择效应$s$从分布$g(s)$中抽取。在引入数学群体遗传学所需模型和概念后，我们回顾了计算对数适应度增加速度作为$N$、$U$和$g(s)$的函数的不同方法。我们给出了无限种群大小极限的精确解，并提供了该解有效的种群大小估计。 我们随后讨论有限种群问题的近似方法，区分单个选择系数$g(s) = \delta(s - s_b)$的情况和选择系数的连续分布的情况。对速度的解析估计与人口规模达到$10^{300}$量级的数值模拟进行了比较。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We consider an asexual biological population of constant size $N$ evolving in discrete time under the influence of selection and mutation. Beneficial mutations appear at rate $U$ and their selective effects $s$ are drawn from a distribution $g(s)$. After introducing the required models and concepts of mathematical population genetics, we review different approaches to computing the speed of logarithmic fitness increase as a function of $N$, $U$ and $g(s)$. We present an exact solution of the infinite population size limit and provide an estimate of the population size beyond which it is valid. We then discuss approximate approaches to the finite population problem, distinguishing between the case of a single selection coefficient, $g(s) = \delta(s - s_b)$, and a continuous distribution of selection coefficients. Analytic estimates for the speed are compared to numerical simulations up to population sizes of order $10^{300}$.