标题： 建模人类决策：布鲁塞尔量子方法综述 显示英文标题

标题： Modeling Human Decision-making: An Overview of the Brussels Quantum Approach

摘要： 我们介绍了过去十年中我们开发的量子理论方法的基本原理，用于对经典逻辑和概率结构（如布尔、柯尔莫哥洛夫以及更一般地集合论结构）难以建模的认知现象进行建模，例如 布尔、柯尔莫哥洛夫以及更一般的集合论结构。 我们首先勾勒了概念实体的操作-现实基础，即 概念、概念组合、命题、决策实体等。 然后，我们简要说明了量子形式主义在希尔伯特空间中的应用，以表示自然概念的组合，并讨论其在建模关于概念及其合取、析取和否定的广泛实证数据方面的成功。 接下来，我们自然地将量子理论方法扩展到建模一些长期存在的“人类推理谬误”，即“合取谬误”和“析取效应”。 最后，我们提出一个解释性假设，即人类推理是“涌现推理”和“逻辑推理”的定义叠加，其中前者通常占主导地位。 量子理论方法将人类谬误解释为人类推理中真正的量子结构的结果，即 “上下文依赖性”、“涌现性”、 “纠缠”、“干涉”和“叠加”。 因此，它与卡尼曼-特沃斯基研究计划不同，后者旨在通过“个体启发式和偏见”来解释人类谬误。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present the fundamentals of the quantum theoretical approach we have developed in the last decade to model cognitive phenomena that resisted modeling by means of classical logical and probabilistic structures, like Boolean, Kolmogorovian and, more generally, set theoretical structures. We firstly sketch the operational-realistic foundations of conceptual entities, i.e. concepts, conceptual combinations, propositions, decision-making entities, etc. Then, we briefly illustrate the application of the quantum formalism in Hilbert space to represent combinations of natural concepts, discussing its success in modeling a wide range of empirical data on concepts and their conjunction, disjunction and negation. Next, we naturally extend the quantum theoretical approach to model some long-standing `fallacies of human reasoning', namely, the `conjunction fallacy' and the `disjunction effect'. Finally, we put forward an explanatory hypothesis according to which human reasoning is a defined superposition of `emergent reasoning' and `logical reasoning', where the former generally prevails over the latter. The quantum theoretical approach explains human fallacies as the consequence of genuine quantum structures in human reasoning, i.e. `contextuality', `emergence', `entanglement', `interference' and `superposition'. As such, it is alternative to the Kahneman-Tversky research programme, which instead aims to explain human fallacies in terms of `individual heuristics and biases'.