标题： 人群湍流：人群灾难的物理学 显示英文标题

标题： Crowd turbulence: the physics of crowd disasters

摘要： 人群踩踏事件在像足球锦标赛这样的大型活动中是一个严重的问题。 尽管有大量安保人员和人群控制措施，每年仍有数百人死于人群灾难。 对麦加朝圣年度录像的分析显示，高密度人群如何发展出湍流动力学和地震般的爆发，这是无法控制的。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The panic stampede is a serious concern during mass events like soccer championship games. Despite huge numbers of security forces and crowd control measures, hundreds of lives are lost in crowd disasters each year. An analysis of video recordings of the annual pilgrimage in Makkah reveals how high-density crowds develop to turbulent dynamics and earthquake-like eruptions, which is impossible to control.