标题： 虚假的两难困境：贝叶斯与频率主义 显示英文标题

标题： The False Dilemma: Bayesian vs. Frequentist

摘要： 存在两种主要的统计推理对立学派，频率主义和贝叶斯方法。 直到最近，频率主义或经典方法一直主导着科学研究，但贝叶斯主义以强劲的推动力重新出现，并开始改变这一状况。 近来关于两种方法之一优先地位的争议似乎在哲学层面上尚未结束，但科学实践正在给予贝叶斯方法越来越重要的位置。 本文回避了哲学辩论，专注于科学家日常实践中的实用观点，在这些实践中贝叶斯方法非常有用。 描述了几种事实和操作价值作为理解这一变化的核心集合。 显示英文摘要

摘要： There are two main opposing schools of statistical reasoning, Frequentist and Bayesian approaches. Until recent days, the frequentist or classical approach has dominated the scientific research, but Bayesianism has reappeared with a strong impulse that is starting to change the situation. Recently the controversy about the primacy of one of the two approaches seems to be unfinished at a philosophical level, but scientific practices are giving an increasingly important position to the Bayesian approach. This paper eludes philosophical debate to focus on the pragmatic point of view of scientists' day-to-day practices, in which Bayesian methodology is very useful. Several facts and operational values are described as the core-set for understanding the change.