标题： 对多个总体中竞争风险的累积发生率进行有序限制推断 显示英文标题

标题： Order restricted inference for comparing the cumulative incidence of a competing risk over several populations

摘要： 在竞争风险设置中，有关于测试与某一特定原因相关的累积发病率函数在多个群体之间相等性的文献相当丰富，针对特定或所有替代假设。 在本文中，当替代假设是发病率函数线性有序但不相等时，我们提出了一种渐近分布自由的检验。 这种动机源于这样一个事实，即在许多例子中，这种线性排序似乎在直觉上是合理的，并且通常从经验观察中得到证实。 当排序有依据时，这些检验更有效。 我们还提供了在该排序约束下的发病率函数的估计量，推导了它们的渐近性质，以用于统计推断，并展示了在排序限制成立时对无约束估计量的改进。 显示英文摘要

摘要： There is a substantial literature on testing for the equality of the cumulative incidence functions associated with one specific cause in a competing risks setting across several populations against specific or all alternatives. In this paper we propose an asymptotically distribution-free test when the alternative is that the incidence functions are linearly ordered, but not equal. The motivation stems from the fact that in many examples such a linear ordering seems reasonable intuitively and is borne out generally from empirical observations. These tests are more powerful when the ordering is justified. We also provide estimators of the incidence functions under this ordering constraint, derive their asymptotic properties for statistical inference purposes, and show improvements over the unrestricted estimators when the order restriction holds.