标题： 比较鸟类和人类的滑翔策略 显示英文标题

标题： Comparing bird and human soaring strategies

摘要： 滑翔节省大量能量，仅使用这种飞行方式进行长距离飞行对鸟类和人类都是一个巨大的挑战。 解决方案是利用所谓的上升气流，这些是大气中局部的温暖区域，以超过鸟类和飞机下降速度的速度向上移动。 尽管鸟类主要使用这种技术来觅食，但人类则是将其作为一种运动活动。 滑翔涉及高效的优化，包括熟练地定位上升气流、尝试猜测最有利的路线、估算最佳下降率等。 在本研究中，我们探讨了鸟类和人类在处理上述任务时找到的解决方案之间是否存在任何相似之处。 从滑翔的猎鹰和滑翔伞飞行员那里获取了高分辨率的飞行轨迹记录，以确定飞行模式的关键参数。 我们发现鸟类和人类在使用上升气流的方式上存在相关共同特征。 特别是，猎鹰似乎复制了滑翔机广泛使用的麦卡雷迪公式，用于计算即将到来的上升气流前的最佳坡度。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Gliding saves much energy, and to make large distances using only this form of flight represents a great challenge for both birds and people. The solution is to make use of the so-called thermals, which are localized, warmer regions in the atmosphere moving upwards with a speed exceeding the descent rate of bird and plane. Whereas birds use this technique mainly for foraging, humans do it as a sporting activity. Thermalling involves efficient optimization including the skilful localization of thermals, trying to guess the most favorable route, estimating the best descending rate, etc. In this study, we address the question whether there are any analogies between the solutions birds and humans find to handle the above task. High-resolution track logs were taken from thermalling falcons and paraglider pilots to determine the essential parameters of the flight patterns. We find that there are relevant common features in the ways birds and humans use thermals. In particular, falcons seem to reproduce the MacCready formula widely used by gliders to calculate the best slope to take before an upcoming thermal.