标题： 黑暗恒星：宇宙中第一颗恒星的新研究 显示英文标题

标题： Dark Stars: A New Study of the FIrst Stars in the Universe

摘要： 我们提出，在宇宙历史中的恒星演化第一阶段可能是暗星（Dark Star, DS），其能量来源于暗物质加热，而不是核聚变。可能作为自身反粒子的弱相互作用大质量粒子在第一代恒星内部聚集并湮灭，产生一种热源来为恒星提供能量。由此产生了一种新的恒星阶段——暗星，在存在暗物质燃料的情况下，由暗物质湮灭提供能量，寿命可达数百万到数十亿年。我们发现，第一代恒星在暗星阶段非常明亮（$\sim 10^6 L_\odot$）且温度较低（$T_{surf} < 10,000$开尔文），并且最终变得非常巨大（为太阳质量的500至1000倍）。这些结果与没有暗物质加热的标准模型有很大不同，在标准模型中最大质量约为140$M_\odot$，温度也更高（$T_{surf} > 50,000$开尔文）；因此暗星应该在观测上与标准的第三星族恒星明显不同。一旦暗物质燃料耗尽，暗星会变成一颗重恒星主序星；这些恒星最终坍缩形成大质量黑洞，这些黑洞可能是早期观测到的超大质量黑洞的种子，并能解释最近的ARCADE数据以及中间质量黑洞的形成。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We have proposed that the first phase of stellar evolution in the history of the Universe may be Dark Stars (DS), powered by dark matter heating rather than by nuclear fusion. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles, which may be their own antipartners, collect inside the first stars and annihilate to produce a heat source that can power the stars. A new stellar phase results, a Dark Star, powered by dark matter annihilation as long as there is dark matter fuel, with lifetimes from millions to billions of years. We find that the first stars are very bright ($\sim 10^6 L_\odot$) and cool ($T_{surf} < 10,000$K) during the DS phase, and grow to be very massive (500-1000 times as massive as the Sun). These results differ markedly from the standard picture in the absence of DM heating, in which the maximum mass is about 140$M_\odot$ and the temperatures are much hotter ($T_{surf} > 50,000$K); hence DS should be observationally distinct from standard Pop III stars. Once the dark matter fuel is exhausted, the DS becomes a heavy main sequence star; these stars eventually collapse to form massive black holes that may provide seeds for supermassive black holes observed at early times as well as explanations for recent ARCADE data and for intermediate black holes.