标题： 宇宙常数，宇宙各向同性的破坏和CMB 显示英文标题

标题： Cosmological constant, violation of cosmological isotropy and CMB

摘要： 我们建议，宇宙学真空能谜题的解决方案不需要超出标准模型的新场，而是可以解释为引力有效理论的红外部分与标准模型场相互作用的结果。 在此框架中，宇宙学常数可以用QCD参数和哈勃常数$H$表示如下，$\epsilon_{vac} \sim H \cdot m_q\la\bar{q}q\ra /m_{\eta'} \sim (4.3\cdot 10^{-3} \text{eV})^4$，这与目前观测到的值非常接近。 在本工作中，我们解释了如何通过分析CMB数据来检验这一提议。 特别是，知道观测到的宇宙学常数可以唯一确定空间平坦、恒定时间3维超曲面的最小尺寸，例如在有效1环面的情况下，预测该尺寸约为74 Gpc。 我们还对此框架的另一个重要预测进行了评论，即宇宙各向同性的破坏。 这种各向异性确实由WMAP明显观测到，并将由未来的PLANCK数据确认（或排除）。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We suggest that the solution to the cosmological vacuum energy puzzle does not require any new field beyond the standard model, but rather can be explained as a result of the interaction of the infrared sector of the effective theory of gravity with standard model fields. The cosmological constant in this framework can be presented in terms of QCD parameters and the Hubble constant $H$ as follows, $\epsilon_{vac} \sim H \cdot m_q\la\bar{q}q\ra /m_{\eta'} \sim (4.3\cdot 10^{-3} \text{eV})^4$, which is amazingly close to the observed value today. In this work we explain how this proposal can be tested by analyzing CMB data. In particular, knowing the value of the observed cosmological constant fixes univocally the smallest size of the spatially flat, constant time 3d hypersurface which, for instance in the case of an effective 1-torus, is predicted to be around 74 Gpc. We also comment on another important prediction of this framework which is a violation of cosmological isotropy. Such anisotropy is indeed apparently observed by WMAP, and will be confirmed (or ruled out) by future PLANCK data.