标题： 黑洞的潮汐相互作用与牛顿粘性物体 显示英文标题

标题： Tidal interaction of black holes and Newtonian viscous bodies

摘要： 潮汐相互作用使(旋转或非旋转)黑洞与附近物体产生质量、角动量和表面积的变化。 同样，作用于牛顿粘性物体上的潮汐力对物体做功，改变其角动量，其中一部分传递的引力能被耗散为热量。 描述由于潮汐相互作用导致黑洞质量、角动量和表面积变化速率的方程，与描述潮汐力如何对牛顿物体做功、施加力矩并产生热量的方程进行比较。 这些方程惊人地相似，而且出乎意料的是，牛顿物体和黑洞结果之间的对应关系被发现具有接近定量的精确度。 这种对应关系涉及“Love量”k_2\tau 的组合，该组合包含了物体内部结构的细节；k_2 是潮汐Love数，\tau 是由于粘性产生的潮汐力作用与物体反应之间的延迟。 组合k_2\tau 对于质量为M的黑洞来说是GM/c^3量级的；尽管已知对于非旋转黑洞，k_2单独时为零，但它并不消失。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The tidal interaction of a (rotating or nonrotating) black hole with nearby bodies produces changes in its mass, angular momentum, and surface area. Similarly, tidal forces acting on a Newtonian, viscous body do work on the body, change its angular momentum, and part of the transferred gravitational energy is dissipated into heat. The equations that describe the rate of change of the black-hole mass, angular momentum, and surface area as a result of the tidal interaction are compared with the equations that describe how the tidal forces do work, torque, and produce heat in the Newtonian body. The equations are strikingly similar, and unexpectedly, the correspondence between the Newtonian-body and black-hole results is revealed to hold in near-quantitative detail. The correspondence involves the combination k_2 \tau of ``Love quantities'' that incorporate the details of the body's internal structure; k_2 is the tidal Love number, and \tau is the viscosity-produced delay between the action of the tidal forces and the body's reaction. The combination k_2 \tau is of order GM/c^3 for a black hole of mass M; it does not vanish, in spite of the fact that k_2 is known to vanish individually for a nonrotating black hole.