标题： 黑洞X射线双星Cygnus X-1的磁场测量 显示英文标题

标题： Magnetic Field Measurement in Black Hole X-Ray Binary Cygnus X-1

摘要： X射线双星Cygnus X-1是一个包含历史上首个黑洞候选者的微类星体。 描述包含黑洞的天体（如微类星体和活动星系核）中所发生过程的理论模型中，磁盘吸积的范式占据主导地位。 然而，直到现在，这些系统中的磁场仍未有可靠的测量数据。 Cyg X-1磁场的第一个预测是由V.F.施瓦茨曼完成的。 他指出，Cyg X-1的X射线毫秒闪烁现象表明存在黑洞，并指出了磁场在黑洞吸积中的作用。 从那时起，有许多尝试去寻找Cyg X-1的磁场，但所有这些努力仅得出了上限值。 我们2007年和2008年的VLT FORS1观测揭示了该系统中磁场的存在。 首次在6个标准差的水平上得到了Cyg X-1光学组分（O超巨星）表面约130高斯的磁场值，并在4个标准差的水平上观测到了吸积结构外侧部分（约600高斯）的磁场估值，与理论预测一致。 将此场强缩放到黑洞附近时，我们证明该磁场足够解释X射线的毫秒闪烁现象。 我们的结果提供了围绕黑洞吸积盘中磁场的首次直接测定。 显示英文摘要

摘要： X-ray binary Cygnus X-1 is microquasar containing historically first candidate to black hole. Paradigm of magnetic disc accretion dominates in theoretical models describing processes taking place in objects containing black holes such as microquasars and active galactic nuclei. Nevertheless up to now there were no reliable measurements of magnetic fields in these systems. The first prediction of the Cyg X-1 magnetic field was done by V.F.Shvartsman. He wrote that Cyg X-1 X-ray emission millisecond flickering evidences the presence of a black hole and points to the magnetic field role in accretion onto a black hole. From that times there were many of attempts to search for the Cyg X-1 magnetic field but all of these efforts indicated upper limits only. Our VLT FORS1 2007 and 2008 observations revealed a presence of a magnetic field in the system. For the first time we obtained on the level of 6 standard deviations a magnetic field of the order of 130 G on the surface of the Cyg X-1 optical component (O-supergiant) and observational estimation on a 4 sigma level of a magnetic field on a outer part of accretion structure (about 600 G) in accordance with theoretical prediction. Scaling this field value to black hole vicinity we showed that the field is strong enough to explain the X-ray millisecond flickering and can explain it. Our result presents the first direct determination of magnetic field in accreting disk around a black hole.