标题： 使用信息论的思想研究蚂蚁中的“语言”和智能 显示英文标题

标题： The use of ideas of Information Theory for studying "language" and intelligence in ants

摘要： 在本篇综述中，我们综合了长期实验研究的结果，这些研究基于信息论的基本思想，如香农熵、科莫戈罗夫复杂性以及连接信息长度（$l$）和其频率$(p)$的香农方程，即 $l = - \log p$用于理性通信系统。 这种方法对于研究生物通信系统是新颖的，使我们获得了关于蚂蚁通信和智能的重要结果：i) 揭示蚂蚁的“远距离归巢”，即它们传递关于远程事件的信息的能力；ii) 估计信息传输速率；iii) 揭示蚂蚁能够掌握规律并用于信息“压缩”；iv) 揭示蚂蚁能够相互传递关于物体数量的信息；v) 发现蚂蚁能够进行加法和减法运算。 所得结果表明，信息论不仅是一门美妙的数学理论，而且许多其结果可以被视为自然法则。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In this review we integrate results of long term experimental study on ant "language" and intelligence which were fully based on fundamental ideas of Information Theory, such as the Shannon entropy, the Kolmogorov complexity, and the Shannon's equation connecting the length of a message ($l$) and its frequency $(p)$, i.e. $l = - \log p$ for rational communication systems. This approach, new for studying biological communication systems, enabled us to obtain the following important results on ants' communication and intelligence: i) to reveal "distant homing" in ants, that is, their ability to transfer information about remote events; ii) to estimate the rate of information transmission; iii) to reveal that ants are able to grasp regularities and to use them for "compression" of information; iv) to reveal that ants are able to transfer to each other the information about the number of objects; v) to discover that ants can add and subtract small numbers. The obtained results show that Information Theory is not only wonderful mathematical theory, but many its results may be considered as Nature laws.