标题： 模拟化学演化 显示英文标题

标题： Modelling the chemical evolution

摘要： 先进的观测设施使得能够追溯宇宙的化学演化，一方面是从不同年龄的本地天体，另一方面是通过直接观测红移天体。 化学增丰是宇宙学演化的重要基石之一。 为了理解形态不同的天体中的化学演化，基于解析描述或数值方法构建了模型。 在将它们的化学问题（如元素丰度、梯度和比值）与观测结果进行比较时，不仅使用当前的值，还使用从第一次金属增丰时期开始的时间演化过程。 在这里，我们将提供一些关于化学演化模型基础的见解，强调进展，并讨论几个应用。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Advanced observational facilities allow to trace back the chemical evolution of the Universe, on the one hand, from local objects of different ages and, secondly, by direct observations of redshifted objects. The chemical enrichment serves as one of the cornerstones of cosmological evolution. In order to understand this chemical evolution in morphologically different astrophysical objects models are constructed based on analytical descriptions or numerical methods. For the comparison of their chemical issues, as there are element abundances, gradients, and ratios, with observations not only the present-day values are used but also their temporal evolution from the first era of metal enrichment. Here we will provide some insight into basics of chemical evolution models, highlight advancements, and discuss a few applications.