标题： 老年中子星的内部加热：对比不同机制 显示英文标题

标题： Internal Heating of Old Neutron Stars: Contrasting Different Mechanisms

摘要： 从毫秒脉冲星 J0437-4715 检测到的热辐射无法通过标准的中子星冷却模型来解释，除非考虑加热机制。 我们研究了由脉冲星自转减速控制的三种加热机制：固态地壳破裂、超流体涡旋蠕变和非平衡反应（“旋转化学加热”）。 我们发现地壳破裂机制不会产生可检测到的加热效果。 考虑到加热机制依赖于自转减慢参数，这会导致不同脉冲星具有不同的温度，我们研究了两种类型的脉冲星的热演化：年轻的、缓慢旋转的“经典”脉冲星和古老的、快速旋转的毫秒脉冲星（MSPs）。 我们发现旋转化学加热和涡旋蠕变机制对于经典脉冲星和MSPs都很重要。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The thermal emission detected from the millisecond pulsar J0437-4715 is not explained by standard cooling models of neutron stars without a heating mechanism. We investigated three heating mechanisms controlled by the rotational braking of the pulsar: breaking of the solid crust, superfluid vortex creep, and non-equilibrium reactions ('rotochemical heating'). We find that the crust cracking mechanism does not produce detectable heating. Given the dependence of the heating mechanisms on spin-down parameters, which leads to different temperatures for different pulsars, we study the thermal evolution for two types of pulsars: young, slowly rotating 'classical' pulsars and old, fast rotating millisecond pulsars (MSPs). We find that the rotochemical heating and vortex creep mechanism can be important both for classical pulsars and MSPs.