标题： 国际X射线观测站 - RFI#2 显示英文标题

标题： The International X-ray Observatory - RFI#2

摘要： 国际X射线观测台（IXO）是NASA、ESA和JAXA的合作项目。 X射线观测将解决紧迫的天体物理问题，例如：在黑洞附近会发生什么？ 超大质量黑洞是如何生长的？ 大规模结构是如何形成的？ 这些过程之间有什么联系？ 为了解决这些问题，需要显著增加收集面积，并结合灵敏的新仪器。 IXO的光谱、时间分辨和偏振能力将探测到超大质量黑洞（SMBH）事件视界附近，那里的强引力占主导地位。 IXO将通过测量它们的自旋来确定SMBH的演化和起源，以了解它们的合并历史，对它们进行普查以发现其高红移（z~8）范围内的光度分布，并在活动高峰期光谱表征它们的外流。 IXO将通过绘制星系团的整体运动和湍流来彻底改变我们对星系团的理解。 IXO将观测黑洞在星系和星系间尺度上注入能量的宇宙反馈过程，并表征宇宙网中的缺失重子。 同时，对遥远星系团的普查将限制宇宙学模型。 IXO将向所有天文学家开放，将X射线天文学从高分辨率光谱罕见的时代带入来自各种类型源的大量光谱时代。 强大的光谱诊断和大收集面积将揭示意想不到的发现，IXO将研究新现象，一旦出现就进行研究——这是伟大观测台的关键特征。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The International X-ray Observatory (IXO) is a joint NASA-ESA-JAXA effort. X-ray observations will resolve pressing astrophysical questions such as: What happens close to a black hole? How do supermassive black holes grow? How does large scale structure form? What is the connection between these processes? To address these questions requires dramatic increases in collection area combined with sensitive new instrumentation. IXO's spectroscopic, timing, and polarimetric capabilities will probe close to the event horizon of super-massive black holes (SMBH) where strong gravity dominates. IXO will determine the evolution and origin of SMBH by measuring their spin to understand their merger history, surveying them to find their luminosity distribution out to high redshift (z~8), and spectroscopically characterizing their outflows during peak activity. IXO will revolutionize our understanding of galaxy clusters by mapping their bulk motions and turbulence. IXO will observe the process of cosmic feedback where black holes inject energy on galactic and intergalactic scales, and characterize the missing baryons in the cosmic web. Meanwhile, surveys of distant clusters will constrain cosmological models. IXO will be available to all astronomers, taking X-ray astrophysics from an era where high-resolution spectra are a rarity to one with vast numbers of spectra from all types of sources. Powerful spectral diagnostics and large collecting areas will reveal unexpected discoveries, with IXO studying new phenomena as they appear-a key feature of great observatories.