标题： GalMer数据库：虚拟天文台中的星系合并 显示英文标题

标题： The GalMer database: Galaxy Mergers in the Virtual Observatory

摘要： 我们介绍了GalMer数据库，这是一个星系合并模拟的库，通过与虚拟天文台（VO）标准兼容的工具向用户开放。 为了通过分层合并研究星系形成的物理过程，需要模拟不同大量参数的星系相互作用：形态类型、质量比、轨道配置等。 一方面，这些模拟必须在宇宙学背景下运行，能够提供大量星系对，边界条件由大尺度模拟给出；另一方面，分辨率必须足够高以提供真实的物理过程。 GalMer数据库是数千次中等空间分辨率的星系合并模拟的库，它是初始条件多样性与底层物理细节之间的折中。 我们提供了模拟粒子的所有坐标和数据的FITS二进制表。 该数据库的主要优点是VO访问接口和增值服务，使用户可以直接将模拟结果与观测结果进行比较：恒星种群建模、尘埃消光、光谱、图像，使用专用VO工具进行可视化。 GalMer的增值服务可以作为虚拟望远镜使用，生成宽波段图像、1D光谱、3D光谱数据立方体，从而使我们的数据库面向观测者的使用。 我们展示了几个来自模拟分析和模拟其恒星种群特性的GalMer数据库科学应用示例，包括：(1) 相互作用中的恒星形成效率研究；(2) 创建旧的反向旋转成分；(3) 重塑椭圆星系的金属丰度分布；(4) 轨道到内部角动量转移；(5) 重现星系的观测颜色双峰性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present the GalMer database, a library of galaxy merger simulations, made available to users through tools compatible with the Virtual Observatory (VO) standards adapted specially for this theoretical database. To investigate the physics of galaxy formation through hierarchical merging, it is necessary to simulate galaxy interactions varying a large number of parameters: morphological types, mass ratios, orbital configurations, etc. On one side, these simulations have to be run in a cosmological context, able to provide a large number of galaxy pairs, with boundary conditions given by the large-scale simulations, on the other side the resolution has to be high enough at galaxy scales, to provide realistic physics. The GalMer database is a library of thousands simulations of galaxy mergers at moderate spatial resolution and it is a compromise between the diversity of initial conditions and the details of underlying physics. We provide all coordinates and data of simulated particles in FITS binary tables. The main advantages of the database are VO access interfaces and value-added services which allow users to compare the results of the simulations directly to observations: stellar population modelling, dust extinction, spectra, images, visualisation using dedicated VO tools. The GalMer value-added services can be used as virtual telescope producing broadband images, 1D spectra, 3D spectral datacubes, thus making our database oriented towards the usage by observers. We present several examples of the GalMer database scientific usage obtained from the analysis of simulations and modelling their stellar population properties, including: (1) studies of the star formation efficiency in interactions; (2) creation of old counter-rotating components; (3) reshaping metallicity profiles in elliptical galaxies; (4) orbital to internal angular momentum transfer; (5) reproducing observed colour bimodality of galaxies.