标题： 三十米望远镜红外成像光谱仪（IRIS）的科学案例 显示英文标题

标题： The infrared imaging spectrograph (IRIS) for TMT: the science case

摘要： 红外成像光谱仪（IRIS）是为三十米望远镜（TMT）设计的首批科学仪器之一。 IRIS 是一台成像仪和积分视场单元光谱仪的结合体，成像仪将在 TMT 的衍射极限下覆盖一个 16.4" 视野（4 毫角秒采样），而积分视场单元光谱仪将在 4 到 50 毫角秒尺度上采样天体。 IRIS 将开辟新的观测参数空间领域，使天文学多个领域的研究取得重大进展。 我们介绍了 IRIS 的科学案例及其性能要求。 最终，光谱仪将实现对高红移星系动力学和内部化学丰度的非常清晰且灵敏的研究，揭示早期宇宙中星系演化的许多情景。 通过前所未有的系外行星成像和光谱分析，IRIS 将允许详细探索目前技术无法触及的各种行星系统。 通过揭示附近星系中解析恒星群体的细节，它将直接探测类似银河系系统的形成过程。 由于可以在许多环境中直接表征恒星初始质量函数，包括银河系之外的星系，IRIS 将有助于更好地理解恒星是否在不同条件下以不同方式形成。 IRIS 将揭示低质量星系中心的详细动力学特性，从而测试黑洞形成的情景。 最后，它将彻底改变对再电离和宇宙中最早形成的星系的表征。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The InfraRed Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) is a first-light instrument being designed for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). IRIS is a combination of an imager that will cover a 16.4" field of view at the diffraction limit of TMT (4 mas sampling), and an integral field unit spectrograph that will sample objects at 4-50 mas scales. IRIS will open up new areas of observational parameter space, allowing major progress in diverse fields of astronomy. We present the science case and resulting requirements for the performance of IRIS. Ultimately, the spectrograph will enable very well-resolved and sensitive studies of the kinematics and internal chemical abundances of high-redshift galaxies, shedding light on many scenarios for the evolution of galaxies at early times. With unprecedented imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanets, IRIS will allow detailed exploration of a range of planetary systems that are inaccessible with current technology. By revealing details about resolved stellar populations in nearby galaxies, it will directly probe the formation of systems like our own Milky Way. Because it will be possible to directly characterize the stellar initial mass function in many environments and in galaxies outside of the the Milky Way, IRIS will enable a greater understanding of whether stars form differently in diverse conditions. IRIS will reveal detailed kinematics in the centers of low-mass galaxies, allowing a test of black hole formation scenarios. Finally, it will revolutionize the characterization of reionization and the first galaxies to form in the universe.