标题： 二维黑洞的蒸发 显示英文标题

标题： Evaporation of 2-Dimensional Black Holes

摘要： 我们详细分析了在平均场近似下对Callan-Giddings-Harvey-Strominger(CGHS)黑洞量子蒸发的新研究结果。 这种半经典理论包含了反作用效应。 我们的解析和数值计算表明，虽然标准蒸发范式的一些基本假设得到了验证，但也有几个假设未被证实。 我们确认的一个预期属性是，半经典时空在右未来零无穷远处渐近平坦$\spr$，但在意义上是不完备的，即零观测者会在有限仿射时间内到达未来的柯西视界。 意外的行为包括传统文献中使用的邦迪质量即使视界的面积是宏观的也可能变为负值；改进后的邦迪质量在整个半经典蒸发过程中保持正值，但最终值可以相对于普朗克质量任意大；以及在$\spr$处的量子辐射流即使当视界面积远大于普朗克尺度时也是非热的。 此外，如果黑洞最初是宏观的，则蒸发过程表现出显著的普遍特性。 尽管关于CGHS黑洞的文献相当丰富，但这些特征却逃脱了之前的分析，部分原因是缺乏必要的数值精度，部分原因是由于对模型的某些特性和对称性的误解。 最后，我们的结果为Ashtekar、Taveras和Varadarajan最近发展的完整量子场景提供了支持，并且也为数学相对论和几何分析领域的研究人员提出了许多有趣的问题。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present a detailed analysis of results from a new study of the quantum evaporation of Callan-Giddings-Harvey-Strominger (CGHS) black holes within the mean-field approximation. This semi-classical theory incorporates back reaction. Our analytical and numerical calculations show that, while some of the assumptions underlying the standard evaporation paradigm are borne out, several are not. One of the anticipated properties we confirm is that the semi-classical space-time is asymptotically flat at right future null infinity, $\spr$, yet incomplete in the sense that null observers reach a future Cauchy horizon in finite affine time. Unexpected behavior includes that the Bondi mass traditionally used in the literature can become negative even when the area of the horizon is macroscopic; an improved Bondi mass remains positive until the end of semi-classical evaporation, yet the final value can be arbitrarily large relative to the Planck mass; and the flux of the quantum radiation at $\spr$ is non-thermal even when the horizon area is large compared to the Planck scale. Furthermore, if the black hole is initially macroscopic, the evaporation process exhibits remarkable universal properties. Although the literature on CGHS black holes is quite rich, these features had escaped previous analyses, in part because of lack of required numerical precision, and in part due to misinterpretation of certain properties and symmetries of the model. Finally, our results provide support for the full quantum scenario recently developed by Ashtekar, Taveras and Varadarajan, and also offer a number of interesting problems to the mathematical relativity and geometric analysis communities.