标题： 二维黑洞的蒸发 显示英文标题

标题： Evaporation of 2-Dimensional Black Holes

摘要： 我们对一项关于卡兰-吉丁斯-哈维-斯特罗明格（CGHS）黑洞量子蒸发的新研究结果进行了详细分析。这一半经典理论包含了反作用。我们的分析和数值计算表明，虽然标准蒸发范式的一些假设得到了验证，但也有几个未得到验证。我们确认的一个预期特性是，半经典时空在右未来类光无穷远处渐近平坦，$\spr$，但在某种意义上是不完整的，因为类光观察者可以在有限仿射时间内到达未来柯西视界。意外的行为包括：文献中传统使用的邦迪质量甚至在视界面积宏观时也可能变为负数；改进的邦迪质量在半经典蒸发结束前保持为正，但最终值相对于普朗克质量可以任意大；以及在$\spr$处的量子辐射通量即使视界面积远大于普朗克尺度也并非热的。此外，如果黑洞最初是宏观的，蒸发过程表现出显著的普遍特性。尽管关于CGHS黑洞的文献相当丰富，但这些特性之前未被分析，部分原因是缺乏所需的数值精度，部分原因是对该模型某些特性和对称性的误解。最后，我们的结果支持阿什特卡、塔韦拉和瓦拉达拉詹最近开发的完整量子情景，并为数学相对论和几何分析社区提供了许多有趣的问题。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We present a detailed analysis of results from a new study of the quantum evaporation of Callan-Giddings-Harvey-Strominger (CGHS) black holes within the mean field approximation. This semi-classical theory incorporates back reaction. Our analytical and numerical calculations show that, while some of the assumptions underlying the standard evaporation paradigm are borne out, several are not. One of the anticipated properties we confirm is that the semi-classical space-time is asymptotically flat at right future null infinity, $\spr$, yet incomplete in the sense that null observers reach a future Cauchy horizon in finite affine time. Unexpected behavior includes that the Bondi mass traditionally used in the literature can become negative even when the area of the horizon is macroscopic; an improved Bondi mass remains positive until the end of semi-classical evaporation, yet the final value can be arbitrarily large relative to the Planck mass; and the flux of the quantum radiation at $\spr$ is non-thermal even when the horizon area is large compared to the Planck scale. Furthermore, if the black hole is initially macroscopic, the evaporation process exhibits remarkable universal properties. Although the literature on CGHS black holes is quite rich, these features had escaped previous analyses, in part because of lack of required numerical precision, and in part due to misinterpretation of certain properties and symmetries of the model. Finally, our results provide support for the full quantum scenario recently developed by Ashtekar, Taveras and Varadarajan, and also offer a number of interesting problems to the mathematical relativity and geometric analysis communities.