标题： 暗物质的暗原子 显示英文标题

标题： The dark atoms of dark matter

摘要： 宇宙的非重子暗物质被认为由新的稳定粒子组成。 一种特殊情况是，新的稳定粒子带有普通的电荷，并通过普通的库仑相互作用结合成重的“原子”。 这种可能性受到对轻元素异常同位素的限制，这些轻元素与普通电子形成带正电的重粒子。 如果稳定粒子$X^{--}$带电-2，且其数量超过反粒子（带电+2），并且没有带电+1和-1的稳定粒子，则可以避免这种问题。 这样，在大爆炸核合成中形成的原始氦捕获所有$X^{--}$，形成中性的“原子”O-氦（OHe），从而产生一种比冷物质更温暖的核相互作用复合暗物质。 在地球物质中减速后，OHe难以被直接的地下暗物质探测方法探测到。 然而OHe核相互作用导致它们结合，在OHe-Na系统中，这种结合的能量可以在2-4 keV的能量范围内。 这解释了DAMA/NaI和DAMA/LIBRA实验的结果。 在这种解决方案中，直接暗物质搜索的谜题反映了OHe的非平凡核物理特性。 （摘要） 显示英文摘要

摘要： The nonbaryonic dark matter of the Universe is assumed to consist of new stable particles. A specific case is possible, when new stable particles bear ordinary electric charge and bind in heavy "atoms" by ordinary Coulomb interaction. Such possibility is severely restricted by the constraints on anomalous isotopes of light elements that form positively charged heavy species with ordinary electrons. The trouble is avoided, if stable particles $X^{--}$ with charge -2 are in excess over their antiparticles (with charge +2) and there are no stable particles with charges +1 and -1. Then primordial helium, formed in Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, captures all $X^{--}$ in neutral "atoms" of O-helium (OHe), thus creating a specific Warmer than Cold nuclear-interacting composite dark matter. Slowed down in the terrestrial matter, OHe is elusive for direct methods of underground dark. However OHe-nucleus interaction leads to their binding and in OHe-Na system the energy of such level can be in the interval of energy 2-4 keV. It explains the results of DAMA/NaI and DAMA/LIBRA experiments. The puzzles of direct dark matter searches appear in this solution as a reflection of nontrivial nuclear physics of OHe. (abridged)