标题： 来自未来水探测器和液氩探测器的失败超新星中微子 显示英文标题

标题： Neutrinos from failed supernovae at future water and liquid argon detectors

摘要： 我们讨论了来自宇宙学失败超新星的弥散电子 neutrino 和反-electron neutrino 流，这些失败超新星是指直接坍缩形成黑洞而没有爆炸的恒星。 与普通的、形成中子星的坍缩相比，这种流的能量谱更热，因此在中微子能量超过 20-45 MeV 的核心坍缩总弥散流中占主导地位。 反映了最初发射的中微子的特征，在地球上的 nu_e 和 anti-nu_e 流对于这些种类的更大存活概率以及核物质更硬的状态方程来说更大。 在 19-29 MeV 的能量窗口内，失败超新星的流是显著的，范围从总流的 7% 到主导部分。 它可以大至 φ = 0.38 s^{-1} cm^{-2} 对于反 ν_e （对于 ν_e, φ = 0.28 s^{-1} cm^{-2}），归一化为本地核心坍缩率 R_{cc}(0)=10^{-4} 年^{-1} Mpc^{-3}。 五年后，一个 0.45 兆吨的水切伦科夫探测器应该会观测到来自失败超新星的 5 到 65 个事例，而加入钆后，相同质量的探测器预计会观测到多达 160 个事例。 一个 0.1 兆吨的液氩实验预计将记录下 1 到 11 个事例。 失败超新星的中微子特征是来自核心坍缩事件的总事例率增加（最多提高一倍）以及事例能谱中出现高能尾部。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We discuss the diffuse flux of electron neutrinos and antineutrinos from cosmological failed supernovae, stars that collapse directly into a black hole, with no explosion. This flux has a hotter energy spectrum compared to regular, neutron-star forming collapses, and therefore it dominates the total diffuse flux from core collapses above 20-45 MeV of neutrino energy. Reflecting the features of the originally emitted neutrinos, the flux of nu_e and anti-nu_e at Earth is larger for larger survival probability of these species, and for stiffer equations of state of nuclear matter. In the energy window 19-29 MeV, the flux from failed supernovae is susbtantial, ranging from 7% to a dominant fraction of the total flux from all core collapses. It can be as large as phi = 0.38 s^{-1} cm^{-2} for anti-nu_e (phi = 0.28 s^{-1} cm^{-2} for nue), normalized to a local rate of core collapses of R_{cc}(0)=10^{-4} yr^{-1} Mpc^{-3}. In 5 years, a 0.45 Mt water Cherenkov detector should see 5-65 events from failed supernovae, while up to 160 events are expected for the same mass with Gadolinium addition. A 0.1 Mt liquid argon experiment should record 1-11 events. Signatures of neutrinos from failed supernovae are the enhancement of the total rates of events from core collapses (up to a factor of 2) and the appearance of high energy tails in the event spectra.