标题： 多梅尼科·帕奇尼对宇宙射线物理的贡献 显示英文标题

标题： The contribution by Domenico Pacini to the Cosmic Ray Physics

摘要： 在1900年到1913年之间，许多人正在研究这种未知的辐射，后来被确认为宇宙射线。 几位实验学家试图确定这种辐射的来源，特别是维克托·弗朗茨·赫斯、西奥多·沃尔夫和多梅尼科·帕奇尼。 其中，多梅尼科·帕奇尼在正确指出这种辐射的来源方面起到了关键作用，而V.F.赫斯则进行了完整的测量集，最终排除了与土壤放射性元素相关的起源。 然而最有趣且可能令人惊讶的是，这些先驱者在一个世纪前就定义了研究宇宙射线的三条实验路线：来自太空、地面和地下，并且仅使用验电器。 特别是多梅尼科·帕奇尼可以被视为宇宙射线地下测量的先驱，而赫斯通过气球飞行进行系统测量，开创了对宇宙射线的空中研究。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Between 1900 and 1913 several people were investigating about the unknown radiation, later identified as Cosmic Rays. Several experimentalist tried to identify the origin of this radiation and in particular Victor Franz Hess, Theodor Wulf and Domenico Pacini. Among them Domenico Pacini had a crucial role to address the answer to the origin of this radiation in the right way, and V.F.~Hess performed the complete set of measurements that definitively excluded an origin connected to the soil radioactive elements. However the most interesting and may be surprising point it that these pioneers defined 1 century ago the three experimental lines to study the Cosmic Rays: from space, on ground and underground and using only electroscopes. Domenico Pacini in particular may be considered the pioneer of the underground measurements on Cosmic Rays and Hess with his set of systematic measurements with balloon flights, originated the air-space studies on Cosmic Rays.