标题： 氙气再循环-净化与热交换器 显示英文标题

标题： Xenon Recirculation-Purification with a Heat Exchanger

摘要： 基于液氙的粒子探测器在过去几年中尺寸显著增大，现已超过一吨级。 所需的高纯度氙通常通过将氙气连续循环通过高温吸气剂来实现。 这给传统冷却这些大型探测器的方式带来了挑战，因为在热绝缘良好的探测器中，大部分冷却功率用于补偿循环过程中的损失。 在再冷凝过程中，相变所需的冷却功率是将气体从环境温度冷却到-100C（173 K）的五倍。 因此，为了减少大型探测器的冷却功率需求，我们建议使用净化后的进气的热量来蒸发排出的氙气，通过热交换器实现。 一般来说，热交换器似乎仅能有限使用，因为蒸发和冷凝发生在零温差下。 然而，使用循环泵会降低提取液体的压力，迫使它蒸发，从而将其冷却。 我们证明这种温差可以用于高效的热交换过程。 我们研究了商用平行板热交换器在小型液氙探测器中的应用。 尽管我们预期受限于可用的冷却功率，流量约为2 SLPM，但超过12 SLPM的流量可以轻松维持，仅受泵速和流路阻抗的限制。 热交换器的效率为（96.8 ± 0.5）%。 这为大规模实验中快速氙气循环提供了可能性，同时最小化热损失。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Liquid-xenon based particle detectors have been dramatically growing in size during the last years, and are now exceeding the one-ton scale. The required high xenon purity is usually achieved by continuous recirculation of xenon gas through a high-temperature getter. This challenges the traditional way of cooling these large detectors, since in a thermally well insulated detector, most of the cooling power is spent to compensate losses from recirculation. The phase change during recondensing requires five times more cooling power than cooling the gas from ambient temperature to -100C (173 K). Thus, to reduce the cooling power requirements for large detectors, we propose to use the heat from the purified incoming gas to evaporate the outgoing xenon gas, by means of a heat exchanger. Generally, a heat exchanger would appear to be only of very limited use, since evaporation and liquefaction occur at zero temperature difference. However, the use of a recirculation pump reduces the pressure of the extracted liquid, forces it to evaporate, and thus cools it down. We show that this temperature difference can be used for an efficient heat exchange process. We investigate the use of a commercial parallel plate heat exchanger with a small liquid xenon detector. Although we expected to be limited by the available cooling power to flow rates of about 2 SLPM, rates in excess of 12 SLPM can easily be sustained, limited only by the pump speed and the impedance of the flow loop. The heat exchanger operates with an efficiency of (96.8 +/- 0.5)%. This opens the possibility for fast xenon gas recirculation in large-scale experiments, while minimizing thermal losses.