标题： 126 关于地球运动的论点，由乔瓦尼·巴蒂斯塔·里乔利在其1651年的《新天文学大成》中提出 显示英文标题

标题： 126 Arguments Concerning the Motion of the Earth, as presented by Giovanni Battista Riccioli in his 1651 Almagestum Novum

摘要： 1651年，意大利天文学家乔瓦尼·巴蒂斯塔·里乔利在他的《新天文学大成》中发表了一篇关于天文学的巨著，共1500页，讨论了126个支持和反对日心说的论点（49个支持，77个反对）。 这里对每个论点进行了概述，并进行了讨论和分析。 通过里乔利的126个论点来看，关于日心说的争论显得生动且确实类似于现代的科学争论。 双方都提出了有说服力的论点和反驳。 宗教论点在争论中起着次要作用；而仔细、可重复的实验则起着主要作用。 对里乔利来说，反日心说的论点更有分量，基于几个关键论点，而日心说的支持者对此没有好的回应。 这些包括基于望远镜观测恒星的论点，以及目前所谓的“科里奥利效应”现象的明显缺失；这两点都被历史记录忽略了（历史记录描绘的126个论点与实际并不相符）。 鉴于1651年可用的科学知识，地日心说显然具有真正的力量，但里乔利将其仅视为“最不荒谬”的现有模型——也许类似于今天的粒子物理标准模型——而不是一个完全连贯的理论。 里乔利的工作揭示了天文学史上一个引人入胜的部分，并突显了他那个时代科学家的能力。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In 1651 the Italian astronomer Giovanni Battista Riccioli published within his Almagestum Novum, a massive 1500 page treatise on astronomy, a discussion of 126 arguments for and against the Copernican hypothesis (49 for, 77 against). A synopsis of each argument is presented here, with discussion and analysis. Seen through Riccioli's 126 arguments, the debate over the Copernican hypothesis appears dynamic and indeed similar to more modern scientific debates. Both sides present good arguments as point and counter-point. Religious arguments play a minor role in the debate; careful, reproducible experiments a major role. To Riccioli, the anti-Copernican arguments carry the greater weight, on the basis of a few key arguments against which the Copernicans have no good response. These include arguments based on telescopic observations of stars, and on the apparent absence of what today would be called "Coriolis Effect" phenomena; both have been overlooked by the historical record (which paints a picture of the 126 arguments that little resembles them). Given the available scientific knowledge in 1651, a geo-heliocentric hypothesis clearly had real strength, but Riccioli presents it as merely the "least absurd" available model - perhaps comparable to the Standard Model in particle physics today - and not as a fully coherent theory. Riccioli's work sheds light on a fascinating piece of the history of astronomy, and highlights the competence of scientists of his time.