标题： 调和长期文化多样性与短期集体社会行为 显示英文标题

标题： Reconciling long-term cultural diversity and short-term collective social behavior

摘要： 一个突出的开放性问题是，发生在短期时间尺度上的集体社会现象是否能在长期中系统性地减少文化异质性，以及线下和线上的人类互动在这一过程中是否有所不同。 理论模型表明，短期集体行为和长期文化多样性是相互排斥的，因为它们需要非常不同的社会影响水平。 后者同时依赖于两个因素：基础社会网络的拓扑结构以及个体在多维文化空间中的重叠程度。 然而，尽管社会网络的经验特性已被很好地理解，但关于现实社会在文化空间中的大规模组织结构知之甚少，因此模型中必须使用随机输入规范。 在这里，我们使用一个大型数据集对数千名欧洲人的科学信念进行高维分析。 我们发现，意见之间的相关性决定了文化空间中个体的非平凡超度量层次结构，这一结果无法通过一维分析获得，并与随机假设形成鲜明对比。 当使用实际数据作为模型输入时，我们发现超度量性具有强烈且出人意料的影响，尤其是在长程在线式互动绕过社会关系的极端情况下。 在短期时间尺度上，它强烈促进对称性破缺相变，从而触发协调的社会行为。 在长期时间尺度上，它通过将文化趋同限制在不相交的群体内而严重抑制文化趋同。 因此，我们发现，值得注意的是，文化空间中个体的经验分布似乎优化了短期集体行为和长期文化多样性的共存，这可以在同一适度的相互影响水平下同时实现。 显示英文摘要

摘要： An outstanding open problem is whether collective social phenomena occurring over short timescales can systematically reduce cultural heterogeneity in the long run, and whether offline and online human interactions contribute differently to the process. Theoretical models suggest that short-term collective behavior and long-term cultural diversity are mutually excluding, since they require very different levels of social influence. The latter jointly depends on two factors: the topology of the underlying social network and the overlap between individuals in multidimensional cultural space. However, while the empirical properties of social networks are well understood, little is known about the large-scale organization of real societies in cultural space, so that random input specifications are necessarily used in models. Here we use a large dataset to perform a high-dimensional analysis of the scientific beliefs of thousands of Europeans. We find that inter-opinion correlations determine a nontrivial ultrametric hierarchy of individuals in cultural space, a result unaccessible to one-dimensional analyses and in striking contrast with random assumptions. When empirical data are used as inputs in models, we find that ultrametricity has strong and counterintuitive effects, especially in the extreme case of long-range online-like interactions bypassing social ties. On short time-scales, it strongly facilitates a symmetry-breaking phase transition triggering coordinated social behavior. On long time-scales, it severely suppresses cultural convergence by restricting it within disjoint groups. We therefore find that, remarkably, the empirical distribution of individuals in cultural space appears to optimize the coexistence of short-term collective behavior and long-term cultural diversity, which can be realized simultaneously for the same moderate level of mutual influence.