标题： 复杂生态系统稳定性准则 显示英文标题

标题： Stability Criteria for Complex Ecosystems

摘要： 四十年前，罗伯特·梅通过证明足够大或复杂的生态网络存在接近零的持续概率，质疑了生态学中的一个核心信念。 为了证明这一点，他分析了物种随机相互作用的大规模网络。 然而，在自然系统中，物种对有明确的相互作用（例如，捕食者-猎物、互利共生或竞争）。 在这里，我们将梅的结果扩展到这些关系，并发现捕食者-猎物相互作用在增加稳定性方面有显著差异，而互利共生和竞争则具有破坏性。 我们为所有情况提供了分析稳定性标准。 这些结果在生态学中有广泛的应用。 例如，我们表明，令人惊讶的是，当施加现实的食物网结构或引入大量弱相互作用时，捕食者-猎物网络的稳定性概率会降低。 同样，嵌套性对二元互利共生网络的稳定性有负面影响。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Forty years ago, Robert May questioned a central belief in ecology by proving that sufficiently large or complex ecological networks have probability of persisting close to zero. To prove this point, he analyzed large networks in which species interact at random. However, in natural systems pairs of species have well-defined interactions (e.g., predator-prey, mutualistic or competitive). Here we extend May's results to these relationships and find remarkable differences between predator-prey interactions, which increase stability, and mutualistic and competitive, which are destabilizing. We provide analytic stability criteria for all cases. These results have broad applicability in ecology. For example, we show that, surprisingly, the probability of stability for predator-prey networks is decreased when we impose realistic food web structure or we introduce a large preponderance of weak interactions. Similarly, stability is negatively impacted by nestedness in bipartite mutualistic networks.