标题： 三又二分之一层的动力学：模拟、数字、半数字、模拟 显示英文标题

标题： The three and a half layers of dynamics : analog, digital, semi-digital, analog

摘要： 量子理论在解释大多数物理现象方面非常成功，并且没有任何实验与之矛盾。 然而，该理论有许多令人困惑的特征：概率的发生、微观和宏观之间的不清晰区分、宏观物体位置上叠加态的未解释缺失、理论对外部经典时间的依赖性，以及在EPR实验中经实验验证但奇特的“影响”超出光锥区域。 这些谜题指向量子理论与我们目前对时空结构的理解之间的冲突，并暗示存在一个更深层次的理论。 在本文中，我们论证，在底层理论中，物质和时空自由度是非对易矩阵，但其动力学是模拟的。 在对这一更深层次理论的统计热力学近似中，出现了类似数字量子理论的动力学，适用于物质和时空。 当大部分物质凝聚成宏观结构时，它被证明表现出经典行为，并在时空中诱导经典动力学；这就是最终的模拟极限，我们的宏观世界。 在数字层和最上层的模拟层之间是标准量子理论的领域——微观物体及其在经典时空背景上的测量装置相互作用：半数字近似。 这种多层动力学描述可以解释量子理论的困惑特征，并可通过正在进行的实验室实验进行检验。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Quantum theory is extremely successful in explaining most physical phenomena, and is not contradicted by any experiment. Yet, the theory has many puzzling features : the occurrence of probabilities, the unclear distinction between the microscopic and the macroscopic, the unexplained absence of superpositions in positions of macroscopic objects, the dependence of the theory on an external classical time, and the experimentally verified but peculiar `influence' outside the light-cone in EPR experiments. These puzzles point towards a conflict between quantum theory and our present understanding of spacetime structure, and suggest the existence of a deeper theory. In this essay we make the case that in the underlying theory the matter and spacetime degrees of freedom are non-commuting matrices, and yet the dynamics is analog. A digital quantum-theory like dynamics for matter as well as spacetime emerges in the statistical thermodynamic approximation to this deeper theory. When most of the matter clumps into macroscopic structures, it is shown to behave classically, and it induces classical dynamics on spacetime; this is the eventual analog limit, our macroscopic world. In between the digital layer and the uppermost analog layer is the realm of standard quantum theory - microscopic objects and their interaction with measuring apparatuses on a classical spacetime background : the semi-digital approximation. Such a multi-layered description of dynamics can explain the puzzling features of quantum theory, and is testable by ongoing laboratory experiments.