标题： 喷流活动星系核 显示英文标题

标题： Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei

摘要： 大多数耀变体（BL Lac天体和平坦谱射电类星体）的电磁辐射输出集中在伽马射线波段，这使得费米卫星上的大面积望远镜[0.1-100 GeV]和切连科夫望远镜成为收集关键数据从而理解其物理机制的关键工具。 这些数据还由Swift卫星在X射线和光学-紫外波段的观测以及地面光学和射电望远镜的观测加以补充。 这种对光谱的广泛覆盖使得能够进行稳健的建模，从而开始出现重要的趋势。 在强大的源中，我们能看到吸积盘的贡献，一旦对其进行建模，就能得到黑洞质量以及吸积率。 即使吸积盘本身不可见，也可以通过宽发射线推导出其亮度。 因此，我们开始了解喷流功率、吸积盘亮度以及黑洞质量，这三个关键要素对于绘制一个总体场景至关重要。 最初，喷流被认为是由磁场主导的。 然而，在它们辐射大部分亮度的尺度上，其功率已经表现为粒子的动能。 相对论性喷流在非常广泛的吸积盘亮度范围内形成，从接近爱丁顿亮度到至少1e-4爱丁顿亮度。 它们的功率与吸积率相关，甚至可能比吸积盘亮度更强大。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Most of the electromagnetic output of blazars (BL Lac objects and Flat Spectrum Radio Quasars) comes out in the gamma-ray band, making the Large Area Telescope [0.1-100 GeV] onboard the Fermi satellite and the Cherenkov telescopes crucial for gather crucial data and thus to understand their physics. These data are complemented by the observations of the Swift satellite in the X-ray and optical-UV bands, and by ground based optical and radio telescopes. This rich coverage of the spectrum allows a robust modelling, from which important trends start to emerge. In powerful sources we see the contribution of the accretion disk that, once modeled, give us the black hole mass and the accretion rate. Even when not directly visible, the disk luminosity can be derived through the broad emission lines. Therefore we start to know the jet power, the disk luminosity, and the black hole mass, 3 crucial ingredients if we want to draw a general scenario. At the start, jets are believed to be magnetically dominated. And yet, on the scale where they emit most of their luminosity, their power is already in the form of kinetic energy of particles. Relativistic jets are formed for a very broad range of the disk luminosity, from close to Eddington down to at least 1e-4 Eddington. Their power correlates with the accretion rate, and can be even more powerful than the accretion disk luminosity.