标题： 安塔南利博市城市地区PM2.5、PM2.5-10、PM10、铅和黑碳的空气污染研究 - 马达加斯加 显示英文标题

标题： Air pollution studies in terms of PM2.5, PM2.5-10, PM10, lead and black carbon in urban areas of Antananarivo - Madagascar

摘要： 大气气溶胶或颗粒物是化学复杂且动态的固态和液态粒子混合物。 颗粒物的来源包括自然和人为过程。 本研究旨在确定在安德拉瓦哈尼（Andravoahangy）和安博迪尼索特里（Ambodin'Isotry）收集的大气气溶胶中现有元素的浓度，这两个地点位于马达加斯加的塔那那利佛市。 这些元素的粒径分布及其主要来源也得到了研究。 使用总反射X射线荧光光谱仪进行定性和定量分析。 结果表明，空气中的颗粒物PM2.5-10的浓度高于PM2.5的浓度。 气溶胶样品中识别出的元素包括Ti、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、Br、Sr和Pb。 这些元素的平均浓度在粗颗粒物中比在细颗粒物中更高。 通过Mason模型计算富集因子显示，Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Br和Pb具有人为来源。 铅的平均浓度（分别在2007年和2008年在安德拉瓦哈尼收集的气溶胶中为2.8 ng.m-3、31.3 ng.m-3，在2008年在安博迪尼索特里收集的气溶胶中为19.6 ng.m-3）远低于2000年在塔那那利佛城市区域获得的1.8{\mu }g.m-3的平均浓度。 黑碳的浓度在细颗粒物中更高。 两个地点的空气质量指数类别各不相同。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Atmospheric aerosols or particulate matters are chemically complex and dynamic mixtures of solid and liquid particles. Sources of particulate matters include both natural and anthropogenic processes. The present work consists in determining the concentrations of existing elements in the aerosols collected in Andravoahangy and in Ambodin'Isotry in Antananarivo city (Madagascar). The size distribution of these elements and their main sources are also studied. The Total Reflection X-Ray Fluorescence spectrometer is used for the qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results show that the concentrations of the airborne particulate matters PM2.5-10 are higher than those of PM2.5. The identified elements in the aerosol samples are Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Sr and Pb. The average concentrations of these elements are also higher in the coarse particles than in the fine particles. The calculation of the enrichment factors by Mason's model shows that Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br and Pb are of anthropogenic origins. The average concentrations of lead (2.8 ng.m-3, 31.3 ng.m-3 and 19.6 ng.m-3 respectively in aerosols collected in Andravoahangy in 2007 and in 2008 and in Ambodin'Isotry in 2008) are largely lower than the average concentration of 1.8 {\mu}g.m-3 obtained in 2000 in the Antananarivo urban areas. The concentration of black carbon is higher in the fine particles. The Air Quality Index category is variable in the two sites.