标题： 旨在减少冲击引起的脑损伤：来自军队和足球头盔垫计算研究的教训 显示英文标题

标题： Toward reducing impact induced brain injury: Lessons from a computational study of army and football helmet pads

摘要： 我们使用计算模拟来比较不同足球和美国陆军头盔垫材料的冲击响应。 我们进行实验以表征不同头盔垫的材料响应。 我们模拟美国陆军进行的实验性头盔冲击测试，以验证我们的方法。 然后我们模拟圆柱形冲击体撞击不同的垫子。 冲击体的加速度历史用于计算每种垫子的头部损伤指数。 我们进行敏感性研究，探讨垫子成分、几何形状和材料刚度的影响。 我们发现：(1) 足球垫材料在军事相关的冲击场景中并不优于目前使用的军用垫材料；(2) 垫子的最佳材料性能取决于冲击能量；以及 (3) 更厚的垫子在所有速度下表现更好。 我们的分析表明，通过使用更大尺寸的头盔壳体并相应地增加垫子厚度，可能显著减少冲击引起的创伤性脑损伤。 关键词：头盔，垫子，头部损伤，创伤性脑损伤，头部损伤指数，冲击 显示英文摘要

摘要： We use computational simulations to compare the impact response of different football and U.S. Army helmet pad materials. We conduct experiments to characterize the material response of different helmet pads. We simulate experimental helmet impact tests performed by the U.S. Army to validate our methods. We then simulate a cylindrical impactor striking different pads. The acceleration history of the impactor is used to calculate the Head Injury Criterion for each pad. We conduct sensitivity studies exploring the effects of pad composition, geometry, and material stiffness. We find that: (1) The football pad materials do not outperform the currently used military pad material in militarily-relevant impact scenarios; (2) Optimal material properties for a pad depend on impact energy; and (3) Thicker pads perform better at all velocities. Our analysis suggests that by using larger helmet shells with correspondingly thicker pads, impact-induced traumatic brain injury may be significantly reduced. Keywords: helmet, pad, head injury, traumatic brain injury, head injury criterion, impact