标题： 光子计数实验中样本和背景测量时间的最佳分配 显示英文标题

标题： The optimal division between sample and background measurement time for photon counting experiments

摘要： 通常，测量背景和样品的时间是相等的，或者甚至会花更长的时间来测量背景，因为它的计数很少。 虽然这似乎是正确的方法，但在扣除背景后，当花更多时间对散射最多的测量进行计数时，相对误差会得到改善。 由于可用的测量时间总是有限的，必须在测量背景和样品之间找到一个良好的分配，以使扣除背景后的强度的不确定性尽可能低。 本文介绍了确定如何在样品和背景之间最佳分配测量时间的方法，以最小化相对不确定度。 还给出了从所考虑的分配中可以获得的相对不确定度的减少。 在扫描衍射仪中，包括像Bonse-Hart相机这样的设备，这种方法特别有用，因为在每个点上可以根据信噪比优化测量时间的分配。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Usually, equal time is given to measuring the background and the sample, or even a longer background measurement is taken as it has so few counts. While this seems the right thing to do, the relative error after background subtraction improves when more time is spent counting the measurement with the highest amount of scattering. As the available measurement time is always limited, a good division must be found between measuring the background and sample, so that the uncertainty of the background-subtracted intensity is as low as possible. Herein outlined is the method to determine how best to divide measurement time between a sample and the background, in order to minimize the relative uncertainty. Also given is the relative reduction in uncertainty to be gained from the considered division. It is particularly useful in the case of scanning diffractometers, including the likes of Bonse-Hart cameras, where the measurement time division for each point can be optimized depending on the signal-to-noise ratio.