标题： 具有渐变折射率的多模光纤中的光孤子 显示英文标题

标题： Optical solitons in graded-index multimode fiber

摘要： 孤子是非弥散的局域化波，在各种不同的物理环境中都会出现。已经观察到了多种光学孤子，但同时涉及空间和时间自由度的版本却很少见。 设计用于支持多个横模的光纤提供了研究波传播的机会，这种环境介于单模光纤和自由空间传播之间。 在这里我们报告了在梯度折射率多模光纤中观测到的光孤子及其自频移现象。这些波包可以被建模为多分量孤子，或者作为Gross-Pitaevskii方程的孤子。 梯度折射率光纤中的孤子应该能够在低成本的电信系统中提高数据速率，与空间复用相关，并且可以为高功率激光器和传输提供模式面积缩放的新途径。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Solitons are non-dispersing localized waves that occur in diverse physical settings. A variety of optical solitons have been observed, but versions that involve both spatial and temporal degrees of freedom are rare. Optical fibers designed to support multiple transverse modes offer opportunities to study wave propagation in a setting that is intermediate between single-mode fiber and free-space propagation. Here we report the observation of optical solitons and soliton self-frequency shifting in graded-index multimode fiber. These wave packets can be modeled as multi-component solitons, or as solitons of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Solitons in graded-index fibers should enable increased data rates in low-cost telecommunications systems, are pertinent to space-division multiplexing, and can offer a new route to mode-area scaling for high-power lasers and transmission.