标题： 宏观量子效应的分类 显示英文标题

标题： Classification of macroscopic quantum effects

摘要： 我们回顾了在将量子与经典世界边界推向更大尺度的系统上进行的经典实验，并讨论了它们独特的特性，这些特性使得量子相干性能够得以维持。 由于系统类型差异很大，我们采用逐个案例的方法来确定捕捉其在量子力学框架下行为的不同参数和标准。 我们认为将系统分为由质量、时空相干性和粒子数量定义的三大类是有帮助的。 这些类别并不是互斥的，事实上，一些系统的特性可以符合多个类别。 我们依次讨论了实验，首先是从大质量物体如大分子和微机械谐振器的干涉，接着是复杂分子中单个粒子的自干涉，最后考察了超导量子比特取得的显著进展。 最后，我们提出了一个理论基础，用于量化系统的宏观特征，为在不同系统中更系统地比较量子特性奠定基础。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We review canonical experiments on systems that have pushed the boundary between the quantum and classical worlds towards much larger scales, and discuss their unique features that enable quantum coherence to survive. Because the types of systems differ so widely, we use a case by case approach to identifying the different parameters and criteria that capture their behaviour in a quantum mechanical framework. We find it helpful to categorise systems into three broad classes defined by mass, spatio-temporal coherence, and number of particles. The classes are not mutually exclusive and in fact the properties of some systems fit into several classes. We discuss experiments by turn, starting with interference of massive objects like macromolecules and micro-mechanical resonators, followed by self-interference of single particles in complex molecules, before examining the striking advances made with superconducting qubits. Finally, we propose a theoretical basis for quantifying the macroscopic features of a system to lay the ground for a more systematic comparison of the quantum properties in disparate systems.