标题： 耗散玻色-哈伯德模型。 方法和示例 显示英文标题

标题： The Dissipative Bose-Hubbard Model. Methods and Examples

摘要： 开放的多体量子系统在量子信息科学和量子输运的背景下，特别是在生物团簇和超冷原子气体中引起了新的兴趣。 在多粒子玻色子系统中的物理相关性在于实现反直觉的输运现象，以及由于设计好的耗散而产生的高度稳定和纠缠的多体态的随机制备。 我们回顾了描述相互作用的超冷玻色子开放系统的各种方法，这些系统可以用紧束缚 Hubbard 近似来建模。 在介绍理论和数值技术的同时，我们基于超冷玻色子在一维晶格中耗散动力学的主方程描述，展示了各种设置中的一系列结果。 除了目前标准的数值方法，如通过量子跃迁对小系统进行主方程的精确展开，以及对较大系统进行超越平均场的扩展之外，我们还提出了一种基于费曼-弗农理论应用于多体情况的相干态路径积分形式。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Open many-body quantum systems have attracted renewed interest in the context of quantum information science and quantum transport with biological clusters and ultracold atomic gases. The physical relevance in many-particle bosonic systems lies in the realization of counter-intuitive transport phenomena and the stochastic preparation of highly stable and entangled many-body states due to engineered dissipation. We review a variety of approaches to describe an open system of interacting ultracold bosons which can be modeled by a tight-binding Hubbard approximation. Going along with the presentation of theoretical and numerical techniques, we present a series of results in diverse setups, based on a master equation description of the dissipative dynamics of ultracold bosons in a one-dimensional lattice. Next to by now standard numerical methods such as the exact unravelling of the master equation by quantum jumps for small systems and beyond mean-field expansions for larger ones, we present a coherent-state path integral formalism based on Feynman-Vernon theory applied to a many-body context.