标题： 光子在不平衡输入态的分束器输出处的分布 显示英文标题

标题： Photon distribution at the output of a beam splitter for imbalanced input states

摘要： 在洪-欧-曼德尔干涉仪方案中，两个相同的光子照射到平衡分束器上时总是从同一个出口端口离开。 类似的效应已被预测并（部分地）通过实验确认适用于多光子福克数态。 在光子数量较大的极限情况下，输出分布遵循$(1-x^2)^{-1/2}$定律，其中$x$是两个输出端口输出光子数的归一化不平衡量。 我们推导了一个解析公式，该公式在输入光子数不平衡但总光子数较大时也有效，并关注完美平衡输入假设可以放松的程度，讨论输出分布的鲁棒性和普遍特性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In the Hong--Ou--Mandel interferometric scheme, two identical photons that illuminate a balanced beam splitter always leave through the same exit port. Similar effects have been predicted and (partially) experimentally confirmed for multi-photon Fock-number states. In the limit of large photon numbers, the output distribution follows a $(1-x^2)^{-1/2}$ law, where $x$ is the normalized imbalance in the output photon numbers at the two output ports. We derive an analytical formula that is also valid for imbalanced input photon numbers with a large total number of photons, and focus on the extent to which the hypothesis of perfect balanced input can be relaxed, discussing the robustness and universal features of the output distribution.