标题： 从光脉冲中提取单个光子 显示英文标题

标题： Extraction of a single photon from an optical pulse

摘要： 从一个光脉冲中移除一个光子是可以在光上执行的最基本操作之一，在量子通信和计算中具有基础意义和实际应用。到目前为止，光子减法操作中被移除的光子会被检测到，因此不可逆地丢失，这种操作已经使用低反射率的分束器以概率性方式实现，但成功率本质上较低。在这里，我们展示了一种从入射脉冲中确定性提取单个光子的方案。被移除的光子被引导到不同的模式，使其可用于其他目的，例如对量子密钥分发协议进行光子数分割攻击。我们的实现利用了与纳米光纤耦合微谐振器附近的单原子的单光子拉曼相互作用（SPRINT）。在我们当前的实现中，单光子提取概率主要受线性损耗的限制，但使用现实的实验参数应可以获得接近于一的概率。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Removing a single photon from a pulse is one of the most elementary operations that can be performed on light, having both fundamental significance and practical applications in quantum communication and computation. So far, photon subtraction, in which the removed photon is detected and therefore irreversibly lost, has been implemented in a probabilistic manner with inherently low success rates using low-reflectivity beam splitters. Here we demonstrate a scheme for the deterministic extraction of a single photon from an incoming pulse. The removed photon is diverted to a different mode, enabling its use for other purposes, such as a photon number-splitting attack on quantum key distribution protocols. Our implementation makes use of single-photon Raman interaction (SPRINT) with a single atom near a nanofibre-coupled microresonator. The single-photon extraction probability in our current realization is limited mostly by linear loss, yet probabilities close to unity should be attainable with realistic experimental parameters.