标题： ALMA深场在SSA22：一个红移z=3.09原群核心中的尘埃星暴集中区域 显示英文标题

标题： ALMA Deep Field in SSA22: A concentration of dusty starbursts in a z=3.09 protocluster core

摘要： 我们报告了使用阿塔卡马大型毫米/亚毫米阵列（ALMA）在1.1 mm波长对$z=3.09$SSA22原星团中心区域进行的$1^{\prime}.5 \times3^{\prime}$成图观测的结果。 通过将我们的源目录与存档的光谱红移相结合，我们发现有八个多毫米波 galaxies （SMGs），其流量密度为$S_{\rm 1.1~mm}=0.7-6.4$mJy（$L_{\rm IR}\sim10^{12.1}-10^{13.1}L_\odot$），位于$z=3.08-3.10$。 这些SMGs不仅属于原星团成员，实际上它们还位于由该区域内Lyman-$\alpha$发射体（LAEs）所追踪的50 Mpc尺度三维纤维状结构节点的交汇处。 这八例SMG（亚毫米星系）的恒星形成率密度（SFRD）为$\sim$10$M_\odot$年$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-3}$，在节点处比该红移处的全球SFRD高两个数量级。 我们发现，这八个SMG中有四个宿主了一个明亮的X射线活动星系核（AGN）。 我们的研究结果表明，在$z\sim3$时，剧烈的恒星形成活动和超大质量黑洞（SMBH）的增长同时发生在最密集的区域，这可能对应于当前宇宙中核心集群内发现的大质量星系群体最活跃的历史阶段。 有两个SMG与Lyman-$\alpha$泡泡（LABs）有关联，这意味着这两个群体在某些情况下共存于高密度环境中。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We report the results of $1^{\prime}.5 \times3^{\prime}$ mapping at 1.1~mm with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) toward the central region of the $z=3.09$ SSA22 protocluster. By combining our source catalog with archival spectroscopic redshifts, we find that eight submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) with flux densities, $S_{\rm 1.1~mm}=0.7-6.4$~mJy ($L_{\rm IR}\sim10^{12.1}-10^{13.1}L_\odot$) are at $z=3.08-3.10$. Not only are these SMGs members of the protocluster but they in fact reside within the node at the junction of the 50 Mpc-scale filamentary three-dimensional structure traced by Lyman-$\alpha$ emitters (LAEs) in this field. The eight SMGs account for a star formation rate density (SFRD) $\sim$10 $M_\odot$ yr$^{-1}$ Mpc$^{-3}$ in the node, which is two orders of magnitudes higher than the global SFRD at this redshift. We find that four of the eight SMGs host a X-ray luminous active galactic nuclei (AGN). Our results suggest that the vigorous star formation activity and the growth of super massive black holes (SMBHs) occurred simultaneously in the densest regions at $z\sim3$, which may correspond to the most active historical phase of the massive galaxy population found in the core of the clusters in the present universe. Two SMGs are associated with Lyman-$\alpha$ blobs (LABs), implying that the two populations coexist in high density environments for a few cases.