标题： NANOGrav脉冲星中均方根随停留时间的缩放 显示英文标题

标题： The Scaling of the RMS with Dwell Time in NANOGrav Pulsars

摘要： 脉冲星时序阵列（PTAs）是由经过精确计时的毫秒脉冲星组成的集合，被用作引力波（GWs）的探测器。 鉴于当前的灵敏度、PTAs 的预期改进以及预测的 GW 信号强度，通过 PTAs 检测 GW 可能在未来十年内实现。 我们可以通过减少脉冲星时序残差中的测量噪声来改善 PTA。 如果阵列中包含的脉冲星表现出不相关的噪声，时序残差的均方根（RMS）预计会按照$\mathrm{T}^{-1/2}$的方式变化，其中 T 是每次观测的停留时间。 在这种情况下，通过增加 T 可以提高阵列的灵敏度。我们研究了五年的北美纳赫兹引力波观测台（NANOGrav）数据集中的 17 个脉冲星，以确定所观测脉冲星的时序残差中的噪声是否符合这一特性。 作为比较，我们对 PSR B1937+21 进行了相同的分析，这是一个已知显示红噪声的脉冲星。 通过这种方法，我们发现 17 个 NANOGrav 脉冲星中有 15 个的时序残差与反平方定律一致。 数据还表明，这 15 个脉冲星可以观测长达八倍的时间，同时仍然表现出按根号 T 变化的 RMS。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) are collections of well-timed millisecond pulsars that are being used as detectors of gravitational waves (GWs). Given current sensitivity, projected improvements in PTAs and the predicted strength of the GW signals, the detection of GWs with PTAs could occur within the next decade. One way we can improve a PTA is to reduce the measurement noise present in the pulsar timing residuals. If the pulsars included in the array display uncorrelated noise, the root mean square (RMS) of the timing residuals is predicted to scale as $\mathrm{T}^{-1/2}$, where T is the dwell time per observation. In this case, the sensitivity of the array can be increased by increasing T. We studied the 17 pulsars in the five year North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav) data set to determine if the noise in the timing residuals of the pulsars observed was consistent with this property. For comparison, we performed the same analysis on PSR B1937+21, a pulsar that is known to display red noise. With this method, we find that 15 of the 17 NANOGrav pulsars have timing residuals consistent with the inverse square law. The data also suggest that these 15 pulsars can be observed for up to eight times as long while still exhibiting an RMS that scales as root T.