标题： 种族、族裔和性别在国会共同提案网络中的作用 显示英文标题

标题： The Role of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender in the Congressional Cosponsorship Network

摘要： 先前的研究表明，种族、族裔和性别以重要方式影响立法行为。然而，大部分研究都集中在这些特征如何塑造个别立法者的行动上，这使得它们如何解释立法者之间的关系变得不那么清晰。我们研究共同提案过程，以了解代表关系组成部分中的基于种族和性别的动态。使用时间指数随机图模型，我们检查了1981年至2004年间的美国众议院共同提案网络。我们发现，由于共同提案过程中基于种族的同质混合，黑人和拉丁裔国会议员处于相对不利的地位，但这种劣势被所有成员面临的选举压力所缓解。代表有大量少数族裔人口选区的成员更有可能支持他们的少数族裔同事。我们还发现，女性成员似乎没有因为其少数族裔地位而面临类似的劣势。我们认为，共同提案网络中的种族和性别动态是社会网络中内在的组内同质性倾向以及选举联系的结果，这里表现为成员支持少数族裔同事，以扩大自己在少数族裔选民中的支持基础。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Previous research indicates that race, ethnicity, and gender influence legislative behavior in important ways. The bulk of this research, however, focuses on the way these characteristics shape an individual legislator's behavior, making it less clear how they account for relationships between legislators. We study the cosponsorship process in order to understand the race and gender based dynamics underlying the relational component of representation. Using a temporal exponential random graph model, we examine the U.S. House cosponsorship network from 1981 through 2004. We find that Black and Latino members of Congress are at a comparative disadvantage as a result of race-based assortative mixing in the cosponsorship process, yet this disadvantage is mitigated by the electoral pressures that all members face. Members representing districts with significant racial and ethnic minority populations are more likely to support their minority colleagues. We also find that women members do not appear to face a similar disadvantage as a result of their minority status. We argue that these race and gender dynamics in the cosponsorship network are the result of both the inherent tendency towards intra-group homophily in social networks and the electoral connection, which is manifested here as members supporting minority colleagues to broaden their own electoral base of support among minority constituencies.