标题： 修正引力理论的热力学性质 显示英文标题

标题： Thermodynamic properties of modified gravity theories

摘要： 我们回顾了修正引力理论的热力学性质，例如$F(R)$引力和$f(T)$引力，其中$R$是标量曲率，$T$是平行引力中的扭率标量。 特别是，我们探讨了修正引力理论的运动方程与热力学中克劳修斯关系之间的等价性。 此外，在$f(T)$引力中研究了宇宙视界处的热力学。 我们展示了热力学的平衡和非平衡描述。 结果表明，当视界外部的温度等于其内部的温度时，宇宙的热力学第二定律可以得到满足。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We review thermodynamic properties of modified gravity theories such as $F(R)$ gravity and $f(T)$ gravity, where $R$ is the scalar curvature and $T$ is the torsion scalar in teleparallelism. In particular, we explore the equivalence between the equations of motion for modified gravity theories and the Clausius relation in thermodynamics. In addition, thermodynamics of the cosmological apparent horizon is investigated in $f(T)$ gravity. We show both equilibrium and non-equilibrium descriptions of thermodynamics. It is demonstrated that the second law of thermodynamics in the universe can be met when the temperature of the outside of the apparent horizon is equivalent to that of the inside of it.