标题： 路径同一性纠缠 显示英文标题

标题： Entanglement by Path Identity

摘要： 量子纠缠是量子力学中最显著的特征之一，并构成了量子信息技术的基础。 在这里，我们提出了一种在多部分和高维系统中创建量子纠缠的新方法。 其两个关键要素是：1）不同来源的光子对的叠加；2）使光子路径相同。 我们解释了如何通过实验实现各种多光子纠缠的创建，这些纠缠编码于偏振态以及高维希尔伯特空间中——仅从非纠缠的光子对开始。 对于两个光子，可以创建任意高维的纠缠。 通过路径相同生成纠缠的思想也可以应用于其他量子实体而非光子。 我们通过对计算机算法的输出进行分析发现了这项技术。 这表明，由计算机设计的量子实验可以为新技术提供灵感。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Quantum entanglement is one of the most prominent features of quantum mechanics and forms the basis of quantum information technologies. Here we present a novel method for the creation of quantum entanglement in multipartite and high-dimensional systems. The two ingredients are 1) superposition of photon pairs with different origins and 2) aligning photons such that their paths are identical. We explain the experimentally feasible creation of various classes of multiphoton entanglement encoded in polarization as well as in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces -- starting only from non-entangled photon pairs. For two photons, arbitrary high-dimensional entanglement can be created. The idea of generating entanglement by path identity could also apply to other quantum entities than photons. We discovered the technique by analyzing the output of a computer algorithm. This shows that computer designed quantum experiments can be inspirations for new techniques.