标题： 路径同一性纠缠 显示英文标题

标题： Entanglement by Path Identity

摘要： 量子纠缠是量子力学中最显著的特征之一，并构成了量子信息技术的基础。 在这里，我们提出了一种在多部分和高维系统中创造量子纠缠的新方法，利用了 Leonard Mandel 小组 25 年前引入的思想。 这两个要素分别是 1) 光子对的叠加，这些光子具有不同的起源；2) 调整光子路径，使其完全相同。 我们解释了如何通过偏振以及在高维希尔伯特空间中编码的各种多光子纠缠类别的创建实例——从可分离（非纠缠）的光子对开始。 对于两个光子，我们展示了如何创建任意高维的纠缠。 有趣的是，发现了一个常见来源用于两光子偏振纠缠，这是作为一个特殊情况。 我们的方法可以直接在光子领域实现，但通过路径同一性生成纠缠的想法也可以应用于其他量子实体。 我们通过分析一个计算机算法设计量子实验的输出发现了这项技术，并从中推广开来。 这表明，由计算机设计的量子实验可以为新技术提供灵感。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Quantum entanglement is one of the most prominent features of quantum mechanics and forms the basis of quantum information technologies. Here we present a novel method for the creation of quantum entanglement in multipartite and high-dimensional systems, exploiting an idea introduced by the group of Leonard Mandel 25 years ago. The two ingredients are 1) superposition of photon pairs with different origins and 2) aligning photons such that their paths are identical. We explain examples for the creation of various classes of multiphoton entanglement encoded in polarization as well as in high-dimensional Hilbert spaces -- starting only from separable (non-entangled) photon pairs. For two photons, we show how arbitrary high-dimensional entanglement can be created. Interestingly, a common source for two-photon polarization entanglement is found as a special case. Our method can be directly implemented in the photonic regime, but the idea of generating entanglement by path identity can also be applied to other quantum entities. We discovered the technique by analyzing the output of a computer algorithm designing quantum experiments, and generalized it from there. This shows that computer designed quantum experiments can be inspirations for new techniques.