标题： 纠缠是非经典理论不可避免的特征。 显示英文标题

标题： Entanglement is an inevitable feature of any non-classical theory

摘要： 量子理论最显著的特征之一就是纠缠态的存在，这是爱因斯坦所谓的“幽灵般的超距作用”的根源。 这些纠缠态源自量子理论的数学形式化体系，但到目前为止，我们还不清楚是什么物理原理导致了纠缠的产生。 为什么量子理论会有纠缠态？ 任何超越经典理论的理论都会具有纠缠态吗？还是说量子理论是特殊的？ 我们证明了如果没有纠缠态，非经典的自由度就不能发生可逆的相互作用。 我们提出了两个公设：无克隆/无广播以及局部传递性，其中任何一个都足以表明在任何具有可逆相互作用的非经典理论中存在纠缠态。 因此，我们认为纠缠态是一个非经典宇宙不可避免的特性。 显示英文摘要

摘要： One of the most striking features of quantum theory is the existence of entangled states, responsible for Einstein's so called "spooky action at a distance". These states emerge from the mathematical formalism of quantum theory, but to date we do not have a clear idea of which physical principles give rise to entanglement. Why does quantum theory have entangled states? Would any theory superseding classical theory have entangled states, or is quantum theory special? We demonstrate that without entanglement, non-classical degrees of freedom cannot reversibly interact. We present two postulates, no-cloning / no-broadcasting and local transitivity, either of which are sufficient to imply the existence of entangled states in any non-classical theory with reversible interactions. Therefore we argue that entanglement is an inevitable feature of a non-classical universe.