标题： 三个电子自旋量子比特 显示英文标题

标题： Three-electron spin qubits

摘要： 本文的目的是回顾三电子自旋量子位从诞生到最新技术的发展进程。 我们主要关注共振交换（RX）量子位和仅交换量子位，但也讨论了其他使用三个电子自旋的量子位实现方式。 对于每个三自旋量子位，我们描述了量子位模型、物理实现、单量子位操作的实现方式，以及读出和初始化方案。 对于RX量子位和仅交换量子位，讨论了两量子位门和退相干特性，从而完成了量子计算可行量子位实现所需的要求列表。 我们首先描述三个电子在三量子点中的完整系统，然后讨论电荷稳定性图，并将自己限制在相关的子系统中，介绍量子位状态，并讨论与其他电荷状态的重要转换。 介绍各种量子位实现时，我们首先从仅交换量子位开始，接着是自旋-电荷量子位、混合量子位和RX量子位，分别讨论每个的单量子位操作、读出和初始化方法，而主要重点将放在RX量子位上，其单量子位操作通过在微波范围内驱动量子位在其共振频率上实现，类似于电子自旋共振。 针对仅交换量子位和RX量子位，提出了两种不同类型的两量子位操作，这些操作可分为短程和长程相互作用。 这两种相互作用类型都可以预期在大规模量子计算机中是必要的。 我们还考虑了由于磁噪声的影响以及由于电荷噪声引起的去相位对量子位退相干的影响。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The goal of this article is to review the progress of three-electron spin qubits from their inception to the state of the art. We direct the main focus towards the resonant exchange (RX) qubit and the exchange-only qubit, but we also discuss other qubit implementations using three electron spins. For each three-spin qubit we describe the qubit model, the physical realization, the implementations of single-qubit operations, as well as the read-out and initialization schemes. Two-qubit gates and decoherence properties are discussed for the RX qubit and the exchange-only qubit, thereby, completing the list of requirements for a viable candidate qubit implementation for quantum computation. We start with describing the full system of three electrons in a triple quantum dot, then discuss the charge-stability diagram and restrict ourselves to the relevant subsystem, introduce the qubit states, and discuss important transitions to other charge states. Introducing the various qubit implementations, we begin with the exchange-only qubit, followed by the spin-charge qubit, the hybrid qubit, and the RX qubit, discussing for each the single-qubit operations, read-out, and initialization methods, whereas the main focus will be on the RX qubit, whose single-qubit operations are realized by driving the qubit at its resonant frequency in the microwave range similar to electron spin resonance. Two different types of two-qubit operations are presented for the exchange-only and the RX qubit which can be divided into short-ranged and long-ranged interactions. Both of these interaction types can be expected to be necessary in a large-scale quantum computer. We also take into account the decoherence of the qubit through the influence of magnetic noise as well as dephasing due to charge noise.