标题： 局域调控的量子热力学 显示英文标题

标题： Quantum thermodynamics with local control

摘要： 我们研究了由于只能局部控制热机各组成部分而在热力学任务中出现的限制。 这些限制对于由相互作用的多体系统组成的设备尤为重要。 具体而言，我们研究了利用多体系统作为工作介质的工作提取协议，其演化可以通过调节现场哈密顿项来驱动。 这提供了一组受限的热力学操作，导致发动机性能出现新的界限。 我们的发现表明，这些控制上的限制通常使得无法达到卡诺效率；在极端情况下，甚至可能禁止每粒子有限的工作效率。 我们将一维伊辛模型在热力学极限下的情况作为案例研究。 我们证明，在强相互作用的极限下，铁磁情况对于工作提取变得无用，而反铁磁情况随着耦合强度的增加表现出更好的性能，并在任意强相互作用的极限下接近卡诺效率。 我们的结果为量子控制和热力学的研究提供了有前景的联系，并引入了一组更现实的物理操作，非常适合捕捉当前的实验场景。 显示英文摘要

摘要： We investigate the limitations that emerge in thermodynamic tasks as a result of having local control only over the components of a thermal machine. These limitations are particularly relevant for devices composed of interacting many-body systems. Specifically, we study protocols of work extraction that employ a many-body system as a working medium whose evolution can be driven by tuning the on-site Hamiltonian terms. This provides a restricted set of thermodynamic operations, giving rise to novel bounds for the performance of engines. Our findings show that those limitations in control render it in general impossible to reach Carnot efficiency; in its extreme ramification it can even forbid to reach a finite efficiency of work per particle. We focus on the 1D Ising model in the thermodynamic limit as a case study. We show that in the limit of strong interactions the ferromagnetic case becomes useless for work extraction, while the anti-ferromagnetic improves its performance with the strength of the couplings, reaching Carnot in the limit of arbitrary strong interactions. Our results provide a promising connection between the study of quantum control and thermodynamics and introduce a more realistic set of physical operations well suited to capture current experimental scenarios.