标题： 测量政治选区划分 显示英文标题

标题： Measuring Political Gerrymandering

摘要： 2016年，威斯康星州的一家法院因违宪的选区划分而推翻了该州众议院的选区地图。 如果该裁决被最高法院2018年即将作出的决定所维持，这将是美国历史上第一个成功的政治选区划分案件。 效率差距公式因其在本案中的关键作用而受到关注。 同时，数学的发展速度比法院要快。 在国家等待最高法院裁决的同时，已经提出了、分析并比较了改进版的效率差距公式。 由于许多相关文献出现在（或将会出现在）法律期刊上，我们认为，一般数学界读者可能会从对这一可能对我们的民主产生深远影响的数学应用的简明自包含概述中受益。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In 2016, a Wisconsin court struck down the state assembly map due to unconstitutional gerrymandering. If this ruling is upheld by the Supreme Court's pending 2018 decision, it will be the fist successful political gerrymandering case in the history of the United States. The efficiency gap formula made headlines for the key role it played in this case. Meanwhile, the mathematics is moving forward more quickly than the courts. Even while the country awaits the Supreme Court decision, improved versions of the efficiency gap formula have been proposed, analyzed and compared. Since much of the relevant literature appears (or will appear) in law journals, we believe that the general math audience might find benefit in a concise self-contained overview of this application of mathematics that could have profound consequences for our democracy.