标题： 利用光链路的地震学：为海底地震监测建立全球网络 显示英文标题

标题： Seismology with optical links: enabling a global network for submarine earthquake monitoring

摘要： 全球范围内的地震监测目前是通过地震站网络实现的。这些网络的数据在推动我们对地球内部结构和动态行为的理解方面起到了关键作用。然而，几乎所有的地震站都位于陆地上，海底震级小于4的地震大多未被检测到。在这里，我们展示了当与最先进的频率计量技术结合时，普通的电信光缆链路可以检测地震事件。我们已经检测到了陆地和海底光缆链路上的地震，其长度范围从75到535公里，距离地震震中地理距离从25到18,500公里。与目前在石油和天然气行业中广泛使用的基于反射计的声学传感方法不同，这些方法仅限于几十公里，而这里介绍的技术可以扩展到数千公里，为远距离海底地震的检测铺平了道路。通过在现有的广泛海底光缆基础设施上使用该技术，该基础设施已经纵横交错于海洋之中，可以实施一个全球地震网络，用于实时检测海底地震。能够更接近震源检测海岸外地震的能力，还可以为海啸的早期检测提供一种成本效益高的解决方案。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Earthquake monitoring across the globe is currently achieved with networks of seismic stations. The data from these networks have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the Earth's interior structure and dynamic behaviour. However, almost all seismic stations are located on land and earthquakes of magnitude smaller than 4 at the bottom of the oceans remain largely undetected. Here we show that ordinary telecommunication optical fibre links can detect seismic events when combined with state-of-the-art frequency metrology techniques. We have detected earthquakes over terrestrial and submarine optical fibre links with length ranging from 75 to 535 km and a geographical distance from the earthquake's epicentre ranging from 25 to 18,500 km. In contrast to existing commercial reflectometry-based acoustic sensing methods used widely in the oil and gas industry, which are limited to only a few tens of kilometres, the technique presented here can be extended over thousands of kilometres, paving the way for detection of remote underwater earthquakes. By using the proposed technique on the existing extensive submarine optical fibre infrastructure, which already criss-crosses the seas and oceans, a global seismic network for real-time detection of underwater earthquakes could be implemented. The ability to detect off-shore earthquakes closer to the source could also enable a cost-effective solution for early detection of tsunamis.