标题： 日球层中离子温度的不确定性 显示英文标题

标题： Uncertainties in the heliosheath ion temperatures

摘要： 旅行者号等离子体观测结果表明，日球层的物理性质相当复杂，特别是从观测中得出的温度与预期不同。为了解释这一事实，日球层中的温度应基于$\kappa$分布而不是麦克斯韦分布，因为前者允许更高的温度。在这里，我们展示了一种当从数据中估计的温度为麦克斯韦温度时，计算$\kappa$温度的简便方法。我们使用麦克斯韦和$\kappa$分布的矩来估计$\kappa$温度。此外，我们展示了由截断的$\kappa$分布给出的压力（温度）与麦克斯韦分布给出的相似，并且只有在更高的截断速度时才会开始增加。我们推导了一个简单的公式，将麦克斯韦压力或温度转换为$\kappa$压力或温度。我们将这个结果应用于旅行者-2号在日球层的观测结果。 显示英文摘要

摘要： The Voyager plasma observations show that the physics of the heliosheath is rather complex, and especially that the temperature derived from observation differs from expectations. To explain this fact the temperature in the heliosheath should be based on $\kappa$ distributions instead of Maxwellians because the former allows for much higher temperature. Here we show an easy way to calculate the $\kappa$ temperatures when those estimated from the data are given as Maxwellian temperatures. We use the moments of the Maxwellian and $\kappa$ distributions to estimate the $\kappa$ temperature. Moreover, we show that the pressure (temperature) given by a truncated $\kappa$ distribution is similar to that given by a Maxwellian and only starts to increase for higher truncation velocities. We deduce a simple formula to convert the Maxwellian to $\kappa$ pressure or temperature. We apply this result to the Voyager-2 observations in the heliosheath.