标题： 使用实时格点标量 QED 模拟相对论量子等离子体 显示英文标题

标题： Simulations of relativistic-quantum plasmas using real-time lattice scalar QED

摘要： 实时格点量子电动力学（QED）提供了一种独特的工具，用于模拟强场区域中的等离子体，其中集体等离子体尺度与相对论量子尺度并不明显分离。 作为一个玩具模型，我们研究标量QED，它描述带电玻色子与电磁场之间的自洽相互作用。 为了在计算机上求解这个模型，我们首先以尊重外微分几何结构和U(1)规范对称性的方式，在格点上离散标量QED作用量。 然后，在经典统计学范围内，通过时间推进一组统计等效的初始条件，利用通过极小化离散作用量得到的经典场方程来求解格点标量QED。 为了展示我们数值方案的能力，我们将它应用于两个示例问题。 第一个示例是线性波的传播，在这里我们通过数值谱恢复了解析波色散关系。 第二个示例是一个强激光与一维等离子体板的相互作用，在这里当波幅超过施密特阈值时，我们展示了从尾场加速到粒子产生的自然过渡。 我们的实时格点方案是完全显式的，并尊重局部守恒定律，使其适用于长时间的动力学。 该算法可以通过域分解轻松并行化，未来可以使用量子并行性来计算该集合。 显示英文摘要

摘要： Real-time lattice quantum electrodynamics (QED) provides a unique tool for simulating plasmas in the strong-field regime, where collective plasma scales are not well-separated from relativistic-quantum scales. As a toy model, we study scalar QED, which describes self-consistent interactions between charged bosons and electromagnetic fields. To solve this model on a computer, we first discretize the scalar-QED action on a lattice, in a way that respects geometric structures of exterior calculus and U(1)-gauge symmetry. The lattice scalar QED can then be solved, in the classical-statistics regime, by advancing an ensemble of statistically equivalent initial conditions in time, using classical field equations obtained by extremizing the discrete action. To demonstrate the capability of our numerical scheme, we apply it to two example problems. The first example is the propagation of linear waves, where we recover analytic wave dispersion relations using numerical spectrum. The second example is an intense laser interacting with a 1D plasma slab, where we demonstrate natural transition from wakefield acceleration to pair production when the wave amplitude exceeds the Schwinger threshold. Our real-time lattice scheme is fully explicit and respects local conservation laws, making it reliable for long-time dynamics. The algorithm is readily parallelized using domain decomposition, and the ensemble may be computed using quantum parallelism in the future.