标题： 资本中的应力度量的新建议及其稳健估计器 显示英文标题

标题： New Proposals of a Stress Measure in a Capital and its Robust Estimator

摘要： 在本文中，提出了一种测量资本中应力的新方法，这些应力导致经济系统之间的资本流动。该提议借鉴了形状统计理论提供的工具。我们提出了一种基于由资本载体的代表性粒子确定的平均形状概念的应力泛函。我们还提出了描述资本中应力数量和结构变化的方法，其中包括Bookstein的薄平板样条变形对，以及形状变异性的度量。我们将该方法应用于对以下假设的间接验证：经济系统之间的资本流动与与资本中的应力相关的内力活动有关。我们指出，应力产生一种类似于热量的现象，这可以被解释为积极的经济外部效应，吸引资本从系统的环境进入系统。对于实证研究，我们提出了一种基于数据深度概念的稳健方法来估计应力泛函。在实证研究中，我们使用了华沙证券交易所五个行业股票指数的数据。研究时期包括2007年的金融危机。 显示英文摘要

摘要： In this paper a novel approach for a measurement of stresses in a capital, which induce the capital flows between economic systems, is proposed. The proposals appeal to an apparatus offered by the statistical theory of shape. We propose a stress functional basing on a concept of mean shape determined by representative particles of a capital carrier. We also propose methods of describing changes in an amount and a structure of stresses in a capital appealing, among others, to a Bookstein's pair of thin plain spline deformation, and a measure of a shape variability. We apply our approach to an indirect verification of the hypothesis according to which a capital flow between economic systems is related to an activity of an inner force related to stresses in a capital. We indicate, that the stresses create a phenomenon analogous to the heat, which may be interpreted in terms of a positive economic external effect, which attracts a capital from environment of a system to the system. For empirical studies we propose robust approach to estimate the stress functional basing on the data depth concept. In the empirical research we use data on five branch stock indexes from Warsaw Stock Exchange. The studied period involves the financial crisis of 2007.